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November 30 郭老学徒言论自由系列（24）拐点后的言论自由状况 1949年，中国历史越过一个拐点。这个拐点被叫做“解放”。 “解放”这个词意味着人民获得了自由，但从言论自由（新闻自由和出版自由）――也是人民最起码最关键的自由这一点看，实际情况却恰恰相反。 解放后，自慈禧以来从未间断过的允许民间办报的传统被彻底打碎了，整个中国只允许党办媒体存在，只允许党批准的书籍出版。所有的媒体和出版机构都成了党的工具，都是党的事业的螺丝钉。 尊重人民意愿的政治团体必然看重真实的舆论，以民意指导自己的政治决策。而自我意志至上的政治组织却不允许真实的舆论存在，他们要引导人民而不是被人民所引导，他们要人民顺从而不是请人民去作主，他们要教育群众而不是被群众所约束。 毛泽东是一个威权强人，也是个好争好斗的人，党内高层或位居高层的民主人士说点不同意见他都会立即反击。他的好朋友民主人士梁漱溟在政协会上为农民叫苦，他蛮不讲理地指斥梁漱溟是发动分子；彭德怀为老百姓的苦难写出意见书，他恼羞成怒地把彭打成反党集团头子；他的秘书田家英深入农村调查写出了大饥荒的真实报告，他也不高兴。毛泽东不需要也不喜欢真实的舆论，而是善于制造和大造舆论，他极其精通宣传之道，他要用自己的思想――毛泽东思想――“武装”亿万人民的头脑。他亲手缔造的党的宣传舆论体系彻底垄断了社会舆论，遮蔽了整个社会的所有的真实言论，最彻底地剥夺了人民的言论自由和不言论自由。 解放后，中国建立了人类历史上最为庞大的由纳税人供养的宣传体系和队伍，县一级政权机构和大中型企事业单位都设有党的宣传部，街道和村一级都有宣传干事。党把媒体做为下属机构，强调媒体必须在党委的绝对领导之下，所有媒体必须无条件地宣传党的政策和路线。党还要求各级书记亲自抓宣传，并特别强调宣传纪律。即使这样，党对于自己办的媒体也不放心，要求各地媒体不得随意发表事关全国性的议论，强调重大新闻统一报道。 解放后，中国人民只能从党所严密控制的渠道得到信息，而这些信息很多很多是谎言，甚至是耸人听闻的谎言。 随便举几个例子： 大跃进时期，媒体告诉全国人民粮食亩产已经达到了十几万斤；报纸广播每天传播的都是发疯的谎言。 庐山会议以后，媒体告诉全国人民彭德怀是反党分子，却只字不提他是因为说实话替老百姓叫苦才被罢了官。 文化大革命中媒体更是被谎言充斥，它们每天都在撒弥天大谎。它们告诉全国人民，国家主席刘少奇是人民最危险的敌人，是叛徒内奸工贼。 “四五”天安门事件后，媒体告诉全国人民那是反革命事件，邓小平是这个事件的总后台，邓小平是中国的纳吉。 媒体最经常说的谎言是“全世界除了中国之外三分之二劳苦大众生活在水深火热之中，等待我们去拯救……” 撒谎到了极致，对言论自由的限制做到了极致，真实的声音被彻底地捂盖。 最可怕的是，不仅限制言论自由，也禁止沉默自由。所有的单位，城市里小到工厂的班组，农村小到生产小队的作业组，每天都要开学习会批判会，人人都要发言表态，人人都要歌功颂德高呼万岁，你保持沉默，那就是对党不满对现实抵触对毛主席不忠，就会被问罪。 古今中外的历史没有例外，舆论越是一律，谎言的纯度越高，人民越是要遭受苦难。当所有媒体被嵌入了权力机器，当人民的知情权和表达权甚至沉默权就被全面彻底地剥夺了，人民的生存权也必然被侵害。大跃进和文革时期，就是舆论极度一致的时期，也是中国人民受苦受难最严重的时期。是死人最多杀人最随意的时期，可那个时候的媒体却每天在宣传形势大好不是小好欣欣向荣蒸蒸日上，还每天山呼万岁万岁万万岁。 早在延安时期，“解放区”的天就是舆论一律的“晴朗的天”。那时就不准任何 “杂音”发声，共产党人王实味就是因为两篇不无善意的文章有“杂音”送掉了性命。1942年4月1日，当时的党报《解放日报》改版，明确提出了“党报所必备的四大原则：党性、群众性、战斗性和组织性。”唯独不提媒体和新闻的命根子真实性。同年9月，政治局又提出要求：党报必须进一步增强党性，以后凡是新的重要的问题，小至消息，大至社论，须与中央商量。报纸不能有独立性，应当在统一领导下进行，不能有一字一句的独立性。 对报纸的这种“不能有一字一句的独立性”的严格严密的控制方式在世界新闻史上是极其罕见的，也违背了共产主义创始人马克思的主张。马克思和恩格斯都是主张党报应当具有一定的独立性的，而且是可以批评党批评中央的，更可以批评党的领袖。到了斯大林那里，大搞极权专制，彻底背叛了马克思主义的民主原则和关于党报的原则立场。毛泽东对舆论的控制是从斯大林那里取的经。青出于蓝更胜于蓝。新闻的核心价值――真实性绝对要让位于党性和组织性。 强调党性和组织性其实就是强调“唯上”，强调服从，强调奴性。媒体最基本的功能仅仅是为权力效力――夺取权力和巩固权力。如此，媒体必然成为权力斗争获胜者，也就是最高统治者或统治集体的御用工具，成为撒谎的机器、整人的武器和歌功颂德的扬声器。 解放后，特别是集中打击了几十万说真话的知识分子的反右派斗争以后，中国的言论自由大踏步地倒退了将近一个世纪，直到今天，尽管改革开放使中国发生了很大的变化，政治上也趋向开明，但言论自由特别是新闻自由远没有恢复到慈禧时期的开明程度，这是中国人民巨大的不幸和悲哀。 我们来看看“解放”前后中国言论自由状况的比较。 中国近代以来言论自由状况比较表
Comparison Table --- freedom of the press --- for the last 100 years or so in China
Note: A: Cixi was the ultimate ruler during the later period of the Qing Dynasty before China became a republic. She died just a few years before the total collapse of the empire. B: The revolution period led by Dr. Sun, who later became the founding father of the Republic of China. C: Yuan Shikai was a powerful figure in the later years of Qing Dynasty, a powerful warlord, who later became the ultimate ruler in the beginning years of the Republic of China. He attempted to start his own dynasty by declaring himself to be an Emperor of another dynasty. But it was short lived, lasted only 70+ days before he died. D: After the death of Yuan, China was actually ruled by many warlords, no viable central government. Then, another warlord, Duan qirui, emerged as the most powerful one. He established a national government in Nanjing, lasted a few years only before it collapsed at the protest of civilians. E: Republic of China ruled by Guomindang or the Nationalist Party. The most prominent figure during this period was Jiang jieshi, who was defeated by CPC and fled to Taiwan in 1949. F: The period of what we are in now, the People’s Republic of China
绿色表示最好，红色表示最差。 我们再来看看解放后中国的言论自由状况在世界上属于哪一个类型。 言论自由类型表
红太阳时期比斯大林有过之而无不及。目前的情况我后续文章会细谈。
November 28 An Unknown GoddessAn Unknown Goddess
Reuter news: a few weeks ago, a modern day Captain Cook, Jonson Kea, equipped with all his pre-industrial era navigational equipment and tools accidentally landed on an Aegean island which he just named it Kea. Hearing the news, a team of American archaeologists, driven by their professional instinct, immediately decided to stage their expedition to the island. They flew to Athens first, then, hired a steamboat heading the island. Without much trouble, they landed onshore about two hours later. Although much of the island has been covered by forest, especially its coastal ring region, these archaeologists didn’t hesitate a second to head straight to its ‘outback’ area. Not much to their surprise, they found an ancient city there. After walking round the ancient city, the archaeologists didn’t find anything interesting or worth investigating. Just when they were about to pack and leave, one of them pointed to a theater-stage shaped, flat-topped “hill” and said to others “that is strange, isn’t it?” Coming close, they immediately realized that it isn’t a hill at all, because on the other side of the “hill” they found a stone door, wide open. Inside, they saw quite few apparently religious activity related pictures and paintings on the walls. They concluded: this is nothing but an ancient temple! The main court of the temple is very big, and surrounded by some well-preserved, separate rooms. Some are quite big, others smaller. “These rooms might house real treasure”, someone said “we should go inside and take a look!” However, initial exploration gave them nothing but disappointment, because most of the rooms were simply empty. Delight did not come until they came across some broken clay pieces in one of the rooms facing the stone entrance. While they were moving these “debris” to a corner of the room, a round plate gradually showed up in front of their face! Right in the center of the floor! “There must be something underneath!” professional instinct told them! By carefully removing the plate, they saw a hinge-like thing. Through joint effort, they managed to lift another “door” linked to the hinge. Now, something really surprising came to their eyes: an underground room! On entering the room, the archaeologists found piles of disintegrated clay fragments! But, they were all well-preserved, some even wrapped up in animal skins, and they were apparently parts of some statues. Who are they? Now, their task was clear: to reconstruct the pieces! However, that soon proved to be not a simple task at all, because the team members didn’t have a clue of which piece belonged to which statue at the beginning. But considering the fact that they were all experienced archaeologist, this shouldn’t be something inconceivable for them. Here they go! First, they put all the heads of those statues together, 14 of them in all; followed by all the hands, all the bodies, legs, and feet… each of them being stacked in a separate place on the floor. Then, based on their similarity in color or clay quality, matching or not in size or shape… they took one piece each from the fragment heaps and regrouped them into different “heaps” of statues. To make the reconstruction process more scientific, they also made full use of all the tools and devices they brought to the island, a portable carbon-dating device was among them. Finally, they managed to separate all the fragments into fifteen heaps, each containing all the fragments of a complete statue. With the help of glue, adhesive tapes and other things, they completed their last step in the reconstruction journey. Each of the fifteen statues looked different: some laughing, some serious, some thinking, some playing… still others with unbelievable modern looking. Now they realized that each of these statues actually represents a goddess, just like those goddesses in the ancient Greek mythology! But the identity of one statue remains unknown to this date ------ despite all their efforts, the team simply couldn’t uncover its true identity for the simple reason that its head is still missing!
November 27 告诉我：感恩节,我们该感谢什么? 告诉我：感恩节,我们该感谢什么?
今天是美国人民的传统节日感恩节，也是北美人民特有的节日。 在北美殖民地建立初期，只身或几个结伴而行的欧陆人来到北美这个印第安人的家园寻找梦想。殊不知在这片蛮荒之地，他们遇到了自然的严峻挑战。幸亏，印地安各部落民风淳朴，在多方面善待、帮助了这些外来者，而外来者也知恩图报。能有什么比把一年劳作后的收获中的精品拿来感谢相助的友人更恰当的呢？所以在收获季节结束后，这些飘洋过海的人们用火鸡和南瓜派等最好的食物来招待恩人们。 北美人如此，中国人似乎更应该这样。传统文化中，我们有很多这样的因子，我们是不是也应该重拾这些已经很大程度上被遗忘了的德行呢？ 美国人的感恩有传统的感恩内容：感谢一年来家人的支持、关爱，感谢有一份稳定的工作、体面的收入，感谢拥有健康的身体，感谢上帝让他们有心灵的依托、精神的归宿。。。但有一项他们是从来就“知恩不报”的：无论政府多么辛苦地在全世界为他们谋福利，从他们嘴里出来的不是批评就是指责或者是揭短，唯一缺少的就是表扬，更不可能有歌功颂德这档子事。 由此可见，感恩节首先要有恩可感，其次是心中要充满爱，至少要有爱。 刚才说了中国也应该有一个这样的节日。那么，我们该感谢什么？该感谢谁？我们要感谢父母生养了自己（可我老是在想，让一个纯洁的生命来到这个充满谎言、欺诈和赤裸裸不公不义的国度是否太过残忍？）？感谢他们把我们带到了这个全球20大污染城市中16家非它莫属的国度，从而可以实现强身健体？还是要感谢他们把我们送进了学校（送进来干什么？接受洗脑？还是强记下一些根本无用的东西？）？亦或是该感谢有一份体面又稳定的工作（最大的可能性是你“幸运”地拥有了一份工作，但它却没有任何稳定性可言，更无保障的影子）？… 你是不是接下来也要学习美国人，也来指责政府一番？即使你在这个虚拟空间里发出了声响，有用乎？如果你内心不平，有理性渠道让你通畅表达乎？如果你为了一点可怜的利益或仅有的一点做人的尊严而不幸与某位大人顶上了，会不会也要走上与杨佳类似的不归路？ 内心有怨的人能否有平静的心态来对他人说一声真诚的“谢谢你！”?一个民族也一样！否则中国为什么特别盛产粪青？特别盛产“爱国者”？中国人啊，你为什么总是如此悲哀？！ November 26 什么人杀人可以不偿命什么人杀人可以不偿命 （这是郭老学徒在搜狐上发表的被隐藏了的文章。） 一个北京青年因为杀人今天被杀了。 因为，杀人要偿命。 什么人杀人可以不偿命？
湖北天门的城管把拍照片的过路人打死人了不用偿命；云南的警察在“群体性事件”中把两个胶农“击毙”了不用偿命；前几天还看到报道，有几个警察在执行任务的时候把一个嫌犯殴打致死也没有获罪。再往远说，当年红卫兵和造反派响应伟大领袖号召，横扫一切害人虫，打死和折磨致死了许多人，都不用偿命。
依附或响应权力的人在权力的指使下或以权力的名义杀人似乎不用偿命，或许还会立功受奖。
执掌权力的人下令杀人，或强制推行置人于死地的政策，无论导致多少人的死亡，是几万、几百万、几千万，在没有改朝换代的情况下也是不用偿命的。没准还会被歌功颂德永远铭记。最坏的评价不过是“三七开”，“功大于过”。
一个普通人杀了一个人就是凶残的暴徒了，杀了十个人就是极其凶残的恶魔了，如果杀了一百个人，整个世界都会震惊，历史也会颤抖。而执掌权力的人戕害了几千万的生命却可能不被清算和问罪，或者无法及时清算和问罪，这就是权力最可怕之处，也是人类必须以最高的警惕和最有力的措施约束、制衡权力的根本原因。权力杀人害人太容易了。
公共权力是人类社会为了保护自身安全和维护社会秩序而设立的唯一合法拥有暴力的机构，权力的内核就是暴力，其本质就是强制，以合法暴力为支撑的强制。如果权力的执掌者不受人民的约束，如果他可以借助于合法拥有的暴力为所欲为，权力就必然从保护人民的功能转变成戕害人民的残暴的机器，比任何凶徒和恶魔都会邪恶残暴百万倍千万倍。不受约束的权力是吞噬生命的绞肉机。
特别是那些喜欢当大救星的伟人，当他们对人民承诺他为人民谋幸福的时候，当他们由此获得善良的人民的信任的时候，当他们的权力不受约束的时候，巨大的灾难就无法躲避了。不受约束的权力是吞噬生命的绞肉机，极权独裁的权力是涂炭生灵的熊熊烈焰。回顾一下二十世纪发生的几场浩劫，无论东方西方，无一不是极权独裁专制的杰作。极权专制是万恶之源。无论左派右派。
所以，必须把权力关在笼子里，或者像狗一样拴上链子，只准它看家护院，不准它越位咬人。
如何把权力关在笼子里，人类已经有了三百多年非常成熟的经验，那就是： 权力执掌者必须由人民定期选举授权，权力必须分立和互相制衡； 公民的自由和权利必须得到保障，不受任何人特别是不受权力的侵犯；特别要保障言论自由新闻自由和出版自由，这是人民在向权力执掌者授权后保护自己的唯一的武器； 必须实行法治而不是党治，党治的本质是书记治、是人治。在法律面前人人平等，在程序面前领导止步。 简言之，就是必须实现民主、自由、法治、人权，实现普世价值。民主、自由、法治、人权，这些普世价值在现行宪法里都有明确的承诺，只是没有去真正地落实而已。 危险的是，普世价值当前正在被一些有来头的人围剿和批判，这些人甚至吹起了阶级斗争的号音，唱起了文革发动者的赞歌。他们很希望回到那个随意杀人不用偿命的阶级斗争时代，他们以为让权力更蛮横才能制服和恐吓住此起彼伏的“一小撮”“不法分子”，才能保证稳定和谐长治久安。 他们错了，权力杀人不被问罪的时代已经过去了。几十年赞美暴力的宣传已经把人们特别是年轻人培养得很不耐烦，很容易选择暴力方式来给出“说法”。那位北京青年仅仅因为警方不给个说法就用快刀问罪，用血说话。由此可见，以强化权力的镇压功能来对付民众的不满，只能引发更多更暴烈的破釜沉舟。暴政必然促进暴亡。
还是全社会共同努力把权力关在笼子里，建设一个没有恐惧和绝望的新社会。 走向民主是唯一的选择。 November 21 A Sticky BusinessA Sticky Business Somewhere in the Midland of UK, villagers of a small community of around 300 have lived a way of life that remains unchanged for centuries, well, almost unchanged: most families there lead a simple life: farming their inherited land, shopping in their local grocery store, schooling in their local school……and of course, a small church to go and pay their respect to their Lord. Although people nowadays are getting less and less religious, villagers here seem to enjoy their continual singing a different tune from the rest of the UK. Religious services on each and every Sunday mean a great deal to them, old or young, men or women. Church and everything related to the church always occupy a prominent place in their heart. However, something tricky happened to the church a few months ago: the church clock-bell suddenly stopped ringing! And nobody knows why! The church was built half a century ago, and the clock tower has always been the proud of the villagers. It is not only the tallest structure in the village, its clock also, like an old friend, stroke the hours accurately, telling them time is up to do this, time is up to carry out that, reminding them to keep their promises should they have an appointment with someone. Now everything has changed. Realizing the inconvenience it brought to his people, the church vicar started raising money in order to have the clock fixed someday. During the dozens of Sunday services he gave after the clock’s break-down, villagers voluntarily donated a handsome amount each service day and the grand total fast approaches the estimated figure big enough to build a new tower and buy a brand-new clock. However, the vicar still seemed reluctant to have a specialist come to check and fix the problem. Under repeated urge from the villagers, our vicar finally decided to climb into the clock tower all alone and took a closer look at the clock himself last Wednesday afternoon. To his great surprise, he found out that the clock had been invaded by an army of aliens ------ the honey bees. On the back of the clock, he saw a huge beehive, about a meter and a half in diameter, and almost completely covered up the whole back panel and the top of the clock. Honey spread all over the places, making any attempt of his to get closer to the clock an ordeal. But, our ingenious vicar, covered with all the protection he could get, finally managed to reach the clock. Now he realized why the clock hasn’t been working for so long: the clock interior was full of spilled honey and wax! The following day, our vicar called a professional bee keeper. With all the necessary tools and protective armor, he removed the queen bee. Once the queen is relocated, all the other bees simply followed and settled in a brand-new beehive specially built for them. Our vicar, with the voluntary help of many villagers, collected all the eatable honey, cleaned up the tower floor, and wash-and-flushed the clock inside and outside. Now the clock works again! By the way, many villagers happily joined in a honey bonanza the night the clock once again started to strike the hours! My question is: What can you learn from the passage about the personality of the vicar? Never shy away from using your imaginative power! November 19 汪洋们到底什么档次？汪洋们到底什么档次？
刚才在漂泊者那里看到“封疆大吏”汪洋考察金融危机中的湛江时发表的对于数以万计以出口为导向的中小企业倒闭这一惨烈现象时的言论，一时感到哭不得！笑不得！连气愤好象也不容易了！ 这使我又想到大概是一、两个月前，他带领着广东各地大小官吏和官家学者差不多三百来人的庞大队伍到新加坡“考察学习”（在联合早报网上读到）。好象是在与新加坡国立大学什么研究机构“探讨”中国大陆改革下一步该怎么走的问题时，汪洋大人似乎表达了下面这层意思：新加坡人民行动党与中共都是一党独大，所以我们（中共）也可以在一党独大下把中国搞好，特别是也可以把腐败问题治理得象新家坡一样出色。。。。 有时我在想：这些封疆大吏们是真愚蠢？还是GCD这台人性绞杀机确实在他们大脑芯片中植入了误导、愚弄、撒谎成性的基因了呢？亦或是他们这个类别的真的已经无可救药？真的到了无时无刻不得不依靠谎言来维持统治的地步了？人家新加坡是人民选票选出来的一党独大，与你这个依靠暴力和谎言支撑起来的一党独大怎么就联系起来了呢？？？ 从这两次“重要讲话”中我们大抵能够看到这些封疆大吏们到底是什么成色的东西！如果你再关注一下他在重庆的继任者薄公子给依然“挺尸于”TAM广场（借用荷兰MM的语言）的老人家在重庆大学重塑金身的“伟大举措”。。。你们认为还需要多少个三十年的“改革开放”才能让这些掌握着巨大资源支配权力的公子哥们学会一点人该说的话，做一点人该做的事呢？ November 03 震惊:奥巴马宣布退出总统竞选<<美国,请将我遗忘>>
震惊:奥巴马宣布退出总统竞选<<美国,请将我遗忘>>
作者不祥
尊敬的美利坚选举委员会、迪恩主席（民主党）、麦肯恩参议员、参众两院议员们、亲爱的米歇尔、全国公民们！：
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